Croatian maritime is not only a rich history of ships and navigation, but also a whole world of beliefs, rituals and customs that have accompanied sailors through the centuries. Life at sea is often unpredictable, so sailors developed a number of superstitions to feel safer and more prepared to face challenges. These beliefs were deeply rooted in their everyday lives and are passed down from generation to generation.
Beliefs about women on board
One of the most famous superstitions among sailors was that a woman on board brought bad luck. It was believed that the presence of a woman could provoke the wrath of the sea or the gods, resulting in storms, accidents or an unsuccessful voyage. According to some other beliefs, a dressed woman brought bad luck on a ship, while a bare-breasted woman calmed the storm. Interestingly, despite this belief, ships were often given female names. This stemmed from a deeper symbolism: by giving a female name, the ship acquired the character of a protector or “mother” who cared for the crew and provided them with security. Many ships were named after saints, goddesses, or important women from history, in order to ensure blessings and protection during the voyage. In this way, sailors simultaneously respected tradition, but also sought security through the symbolic presence of a woman.
Beliefs for safe sailing
In addition to this specific superstition, sailors also relied on other rituals to ensure a successful voyage. Friday, especially Friday the 13th, was considered an unlucky day to set sail, while Monday and Wednesday were desirable days to begin the journey. Broken glass or dishes on board were considered a sign of good luck, while whistling was strictly prohibited because it was believed to “invoke” a storm. Always board a ship with your right foot, and never clink glasses when toasting on board, as this awakens and disturbs the souls of dead sailors, bringing bad luck to the voyage.
Protection of Saints
Seafarers also sought protection through faith and symbolism. Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors, was a key figure in their spiritual world. Before setting sail, they would often visit churches dedicated to this saint, lighting candles and praying for a safe journey. They would carry statues of saints or medallions on their ships, believing that they would provide protection from misfortune.
Pre-sailing rituals
Before a ship left port, sailors would often perform rituals such as sprinkling wine on the sea or throwing bread into the water as an offering to the sea. Also, the first person to step on board had to be a man, to avoid misfortune. Words like “rabbit” and “land” were taboo during sailing, as it was believed that mentioning them could provoke the wrath of the sea.
Tradition in Modern Maritime Life
Although modern technology dominates today’s maritime world, many of these beliefs still live on among seafarers. They see them not only as superstitions, but also as a link to tradition and a way of expressing respect for the sea. Female ship names still carry the symbolism of protection, and rituals such as the celebration of St. Nicholas are still an important part of the life of maritime communities.
The customs and beliefs of Croatian seafarers represent a unique blend of history, culture and the human effort to find security in the face of the unknown. They are a testament to a rich tradition and a symbol of a deeper connection between man and the sea, which still shape the identity of maritime communities today.
